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When evaluating environmental impact, experts use two types of indicators: "means-based", which is based on the farmer's production methods, and "effect-based", which is the impact that farming methods have on the farming system or on emissions to the environment. An example of a means-based indicator would be the quality of groundwater, which ...
Salinity in South Australia is a problem in all principal agricultural areas, with 370000 hectares of land and wetlands impacted. At current rates, this is expected to increase by 60% by 2050. [ 12 ] It is expected to cost the state around $47million per year in lost agricultural profit, and is expected to taint more than 20% of ground water to ...
Salinity in soil is caused by irrigating with salty water. Water then evaporates from the soil leaving the salt behind. Salt breaks down the soil structure, causing infertility and reduced growth. [citation needed] [14] The ions responsible for salination are: sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), calcium (Ca 2+), magnesium (Mg 2+) and chlorine (Cl −).
Salinity plays a major role in a freshwater organism's attempts to maintain an osmotic balance between ion concentration and their internal fluids. Salinization increases osmotic pressure, thus negatively affecting the chance of an organism's fitness and survival. [3]
The salt level is often taken as the soil salinity or the salinity of the irrigation water. Salt tolerance is of importance in irrigated lands in (semi)arid regions where the soil salinity problem can be extensive as a result of the salinization occurring here. It concerns hundreds of millions of hectares. [2]
By improving digestive efficiency, it is possible to minimize both the cost of animal production and the environmental damage. One successful example of this technology and its potential application is the Enviropig. [citation needed] The Enviropig is a genetically modified Yorkshire pig that expresses phytase in its saliva. Grains, such as ...
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. [1] Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean.
For example, assuming irrigation water with a low salt concentration of 0.3 g/L (equal to 0.3 kg/m 3 corresponding to an electric conductivity of about 0.5 FdS/m) and a modest annual supply of irrigation water of 10,000 m 3 /ha (almost 3 mm/day) brings 3,000 kg salt/ha each year.