Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A 2010 review study by Puren et al. [2] categorizes viral load testing into three types: (1) nucleic acid amplification based tests (NATs or NAATs) commercially available in the United States with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, or on the market in the European Economic Area (EEA) with the CE marking; (2) "Home–brew" or in-house NATs; (3) non-nucleic acid-based test.
Viral load tests are used to monitor the effects ART, to track viral suppression, and detect treatment failure. Successful combination ART should give a fall in viral load of 1.5 to 2 logs (30-100 fold) within six weeks, with the viral load falling below the limit of detection within four to six months. [4]
Viral dynamics is a field of applied mathematics concerned with describing the progression of viral infections within a host organism. [1] It employs a family of mathematical models that describe changes over time in the populations of cells targeted by the virus and the viral load. These equations may also track competition between different ...
The higher the viral load at the set point, the faster the virus will progress to AIDS; the lower the viral load at the set point, the longer the patient will remain in clinical latency, the next stage of the infection. The asymptomatic or clinical latency phase is marked by slow replication of the HIV virus, followed by steady depletion of CD4 ...
For example, smallpox eradication, with the last wild case in 1977, and certification of the eradication of indigenous transmission of 2 of the 3 types of wild poliovirus (type 2 in 2015, after the last reported case in 1999, and type 3 in 2019, after the last reported case in 2012). [29] The herd immunity level will be denoted q.
Detection of viral RNA and DNA genomes can be performed using polymerase chain reaction. This technique makes many copies of the virus genome using virus-specific probes. Variations of PCR such as nested reverse transcriptase PCR and real time PCR can also be used to determine viral loads in
The estimated lifetime risk of ATL among people with HTLV-1 infection is approximately 5%, while that of HAM/TSP is approximately 2%. [1] [2] [3] In 1977, Adult T-cell lymphoma (ATL) was first described in a case series of individuals from Japan. [4] The symptoms of ATL were different from other lymphomas known at the time.
[2] For viral infections, viral load and viral shedding are important related concepts. Viral load refers to the quantity of virions (individual virus particles) in a given bodily fluid like blood, saliva, urine, etc. at different moments after infection. Viral shedding refers to the event when a host releases pathogens into their surroundings.