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In fire protection engineering, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from a nozzle. Spray nozzles can for example be fire sprinklers or water mist nozzles, hose reel nozzles, water monitors and deluge fire system nozzles.
S foot of water per foot of pipe; P d = pressure drop over the length of pipe in psig (pounds per square inch gauge pressure) L = length of pipe in feet; Q = flow, gpm (gallons per minute) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, in (inches) Note: Caution with U S Customary Units is advised. The equation for head loss in pipes ...
Attack hose is a fabric-covered, flexible hose used to bring water from the fire pumper to the nozzle. This hose ranges in nominal inside diameter from 1.5 to 3 in (38 to 76 mm) and is designed to operate at pressures up to about 400 psi (2,760 kPa). The standard length is 50 ft (15.24 m). [12] Supply and relay hoses
The roof and bumper turrets combined, will discharge up to 750 gallons of water per minute, and at up to 1000 ft from a fire. [10] Cross-lay hose beds in the main body offer convenient access to fire hoses that can be used for structural fires or to draw water from a hydrant or natural source such as a river or pond. [3] On the underside of the ...
The relationship between gallons per minute (gpm) and fixture unit is not constant, but varies with the number of fixture units. For example, 1000 FU is equivalent to 220 US gallons per minute (0.014 m 3 /s) while 2000 FU represents only 330 US gallons per minute (0.021 m 3 /s), about 1.5 times the flow rate.
where: [2] Q f = total residual flow during the test (gallons per minute); c = discharge coefficient (unitless). This is usually 1.0 if using a diffuser. If using a wand to measure the stagnation pressure, the coefficient value depends on the shape of the flow hydrant orifice.
Another example would be a manufacturing facility classified as ordinary hazard group 2 where a typical design area would be 1,500 square feet (140 m 2) and the design density would be 0.2 US gallons per minute (0.76 L/min) per 1 square foot (0.093 m 2) or a minimum of 300 US gallons per minute (1,100 L/min) applied over the 1,500-square-foot ...
Historically 1.5 inch hose was the primary initial attack line but has been supplanted in most of the US by 1.75-inch-diameter (44 mm) hose that carries 175 gallons per minute. Two-inch hose is available as an option. Attic ladder