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Both optic disks have some pigmentation at the perimeter of the lateral side, which is considered normal (non-pathological). The orange appearance of the normal fundus is due to complexes of vitamin A as 11-cis-retinal with opsin proteins in the retina (i.e., rhodopsin). The left image (right eye) shows lighter areas close to larger vessels ...
Examination findings may include microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, dot and blot hemorrhages, and neovascularization. [8] [10] Dilated fundus exam is the preferred method of diagnosis, as undilated exam may be too limited to visualize lesions or neovascularization that are more peripheral. [11]
The eye's fundus is the only part of the human body where the microcirculation can be observed directly. [4] The diameter of the blood vessels around the optic disc is about 150 μm, and an ophthalmoscope allows observation of blood vessels with diameters as small as 10 μm. [4]
The right image (right eye) shows lighter areas close to larger vessels, which has been regarded as a normal finding in younger people. There are two major types of ophthalmoscopy: direct ophthalmoscopy , which produces an upright (unreversed) image of approximately 15× magnification
An ophthalmoscopic view of the retina showing advanced signs of diabetic retinopathy including two pale cotton wool spots. Cotton wool spots are opaque fluffy white patches on the retina of the eye that are considered an abnormal finding during a funduscopic exam (also called an ophthalmoscopic exam). [1]
Image credits: dogswithjobs There’s a popular saying that cats rule the Internet, and research has even found that the 2 million cat videos on YouTube have been watched more than 25 billion ...
Schematic diagram of the human eye, with the optic disc, or blind spot, at the lower left. Shown is a horizontal cross section of the right eye, viewed from above. A normal optic disc is orange to pink in colour and may vary based on ethnicity. [3] A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from a pale pink or orange colour to white. A ...
There are two techniques used to assess the red reflex listed below. Both are noninvasive, inexpensive, and quick. Dilation of the eyes is unnecessary and not recommended due to the theoretical but rarely seen risks of sympathomimetics and antimuscarinic systemic effects – tachycardia (fast heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), and arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm).