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An arbitration award is legally binding on both sides and enforceable in local courts, unless all parties stipulate that the arbitration process and decision are non-binding. [ 2 ] Arbitration is often used for the resolution of commercial disputes, particularly in the context of international commercial transactions .
In contract law, an arbitration clause is a clause in a contract that requires the parties to resolve their disputes through an arbitration process. Although such a clause may or may not specify that arbitration occur within a specific jurisdiction, it always binds the parties to a type of resolution outside the courts, and is therefore considered a kind of forum selection clause.
An arbitral tribunal or arbitration tribunal, also arbitration commission, arbitration committee or arbitration council is a panel of adjudicators which is convened and sits to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration. The tribunal may consist of a sole arbitrator, or there may be two or more arbitrators, which might include a chairperson or an ...
Arbitration, in the context of the law of the United States, is a form of alternative dispute resolution.Specifically, arbitration is an alternative to litigation through which the parties to a dispute agree to submit their respective evidence and legal arguments to a third party (i.e., the arbitrator) for resolution.
Arbitration is particularly popular as a means of dispute resolution in the commercial sphere (for a summary of the various arenas in which arbitration is usually chosen, see the specific article on "arbitration"). One of the reasons for doing so is that, in international trade, it is often easier to enforce an arbitration award in a foreign ...
"Arbitrage" is a French word and denotes a decision by an arbitrator or arbitration tribunal (in modern French, "arbitre" usually means referee or umpire).It was first defined as a financial term in 1704 by French mathemetician Mathieu de la Porte in his treatise "La science des négociants et teneurs de livres" as a consideration of different exchange rates to recognise the most profitable ...
An arbitrary legal judgment is a decision made at the discretion of the judge, not one that is fixed by law. [7] [1] In some countries, a prohibition of arbitrariness is enshrined into the constitution. Article 9 of the Swiss Federal Constitution theoretically overrides even democratic decisions in prohibiting arbitrary government action. [8]
International arbitration is an alternative to local court procedures. International arbitration has different rules than domestic arbitration, [6] and has its own non-country-specific standards of ethical conduct. [7] The process may be more limited than typical litigation and forms a hybrid between the common law and civil law legal systems. [8]