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Most Mesopotamian cylinder seals form an image using depressions in the cylinder surface (see lead photo above) to make bumps on the impression and are used primarily on wet clay; but some cylinder seals (sometimes called roller stamps) print images using ink or similar using raised areas on the cylinder (such as the San Andrés cylinder seal ...
Özgüç, Nimet. "Seal Impressions from the Palaces at Acemhöyük." In Ancient Art in Seals, edited by Edith Porada, 61-80. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. Özgüç, Nimet. Kültepe-Kaniš/Neša: Seal Impressions on the Clay Envelopes from the Archives of the Native Peruwa and Assyrian Trader Uṣur-Ša-Ištar Son of Aššur-Imittī.
Akkadian cylinder seal from sometime around 2300 BC or thereabouts depicting the deities Inanna, Utu, Enki, and Isimud. Sumerians believed in an anthropomorphic polytheism, or the belief in many gods in human form. There was no common set of gods; each city-state had its own patrons, temples, and priest-kings.
Sumerian dignitary, Uruk, circa 3300-3000 BCE. National Museum of Iraq. [3] [4] Fragment of a Bull Figurine from Uruk, c. 3000 BCEVotive sculptures in the form of small animal figurines have been found at Uruk, using a style mixing naturalistic and abstract elements in order to capture the spiritual essence of the animal, rather than depicting an entirely anatomically accurate figure.
Cylinder seals have survived in large numbers, many with complex and detailed scenes despite their small size. Mesopotamian art survives in a number of forms: cylinder seals, relatively small figures in the round, and reliefs of various sizes, including cheap plaques of moulded pottery for the home, some religious and some apparently not. [2]
Indus_seal_excavated_in_Kish,_Mesopotamia,_early_Sumerian_period.jpg (500 × 500 pixels, file size: 138 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
One such cylinder seal, the Kalibangan seal, shows a battle between men in the presence of centaurs. [105] [106] Other seals show processions of animals. [106] Others have suggested that the cylinder seals show the Indus valley's influence on Mesopotamia. These may have been due to overland trade between the two cultures. [107]
The mudbrick stamp or brick seal of Mesopotamia are impression or stamp seals made upon bricks or mudbrick.The inscribed seal is in mirror reverse on the 'mold', mostly with cuneiform inscriptions, and the foundation mudbricks are often part of the memorializing of temples, or other structures, as part of a "foundation deposit", a common honoring or invocation to a specific god or protector.