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Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), also called hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or transgender hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender nonconforming individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
Estrogens are the major sex hormones in women, and are responsible for the development and maintenance of feminine secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts, wide hips, and a feminine pattern of fat distribution. [ 4 ] Estrogens act by binding to and activating the estrogen receptor (ER), their biological target in the body. [ 14 ]
Most of these patients have multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. [5] Hyperprolactinaemia is the most common cause of AHH. It is a well-established cause of infertility in both male and female mammals. [6] Prolactin inhibits GnRH neurons and therefore inhibits the subsequent release of LH, FSH and sex steroids.
1:30,000 (males), 1:125,000 (females) Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder that prevents a person from starting or fully completing puberty. Kallmann syndrome is a form of a group of conditions termed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. [1] To distinguish it from other forms of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, Kallmann syndrome has the ...
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
Female fertility agents are medications that improve female’s ability to conceive pregnancy. These agents are prescribed for infertile female who fails to conceive pregnancy after 1-year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. [ 1] The following will cover the advancements of female fertility agents, major causes of female infertility.
Masculinizing hormone therapy, also known as transmasculine hormone therapy or female-to-male (or FTM) hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy and gender affirming therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from feminine or androgynous to masculine. [1][2][3] It is a common type of ...
Common in males: low sperm count, abnormal sperm morphology. Frequency. 113 million (2015) [1] Infertility is the inability of an animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. It is usually not the natural state of a healthy adult, except notably among certain eusocial species (mostly haplodiploid insects).