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The American Committee on Africa (ACOA) was the first major group devoted to the anti-apartheid campaign. [8] Founded in 1953 by Paul Robeson and a group of civil rights activist, the ACOA encouraged the U.S. government and the United Nations to support African independence movements, including the National Liberation Front in Algeria and the Gold Coast drive to independence in present-day ...
On 30 March 1960, the government declared a state of emergency, detaining more than 18,000 people, including prominent anti-apartheid activists who were known as members of the Congress Alliance including Nelson Mandela and some still enmeshed in the Treason Trial. [13] Many white South Africans were also horrified by the massacre.
By the late-1980s, with no sign of a political resolution in South Africa, Western patience began to run out. By 1989, a bipartisan Republican/Democratic initiative in the US favoured economic sanctions (realised as the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986), the release of Nelson Mandela and a negotiated settlement involving the ANC ...
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-white population who were oppressed by the policies of apartheid. [1]
The U.S. Congress in 1986 passed the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, imposing sanctions on South Africa’s apartheid government at the time, according to a fact sheet from the U.S. Department ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 134, adopted on April 1, 1960, was passed after a complaint by twenty-nine Member States regarding "the situation arising out of the large-scale killings of unarmed and peaceful demonstrators against racial discrimination and segregation in the Union of South Africa".
Several independent sectors of South African society opposed apartheid through various means, including social movements, passive resistance, and guerrilla warfare.Mass action against the ruling National Party (NP) government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental in leading to negotiations to end apartheid, which began formally ...
The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 [1] was a law enacted by the United States Congress.The law imposed sanctions against South Africa and stated five preconditions for lifting the sanctions that would essentially end the system of apartheid, which the latter was under at the time.