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In computer networking, the Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA) is a layer 2 data-link protocol typically used to connect domestic broadband modems to ISPs via phone lines. It is used mainly with DOCSIS and DSL carriers, by encapsulating PPP frames in ATM AAL5. Point-to-Point Protocol over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (PPPoA) is specified by ...
PPPoE is used to connect a PC or a router to a modem via an Ethernet link and it can also be used in Internet access over DSL on a telephone line in the PPPoE over ATM (PPPoEoA) over ADSL protocol stack. PPPoE over ATM has the highest overhead of the popular DSL delivery methods, when compared with for example PPPoA (RFC 2364). [11] [12] [13] [14]
RFC 2364 describes Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA) as a method for transmitting PPP over ATM Adaptation Layer 5 , which is also a common alternative to PPPoE used with DSL. PPP, PPPoE and PPPoA are widely used in WAN lines. PPP is a layered protocol that has three components: [4]
While it has initially been used to manage only dial-up access, it is also used to manage broadband connections such as DSL, if Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) or Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA) is used. The role of pppd is managing PPP session establishment and session termination.
ATM point-to-point connections (virtual circuits), on the other hand, are bidirectional, allowing data to flow in both directions over the same path. [f] Both ATM and MPLS support tunneling of connections inside connections. MPLS uses label stacking to accomplish this while ATM uses virtual paths. MPLS can stack multiple labels to form tunnels ...
In Mode A, pins 1 and 2 (pair 3 in T568A wiring, pair 2 in T568B) form one side of the 48 V DC, and pins 3 and 6 (pair 2 in T568A, pair 3 in T568B) form the other side. These are the same two pairs used for data transmission in 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX, allowing the provision of both power and data over only two pairs in such networks.
Jumbo frames for PPPoE is defined in RFC 4638, with the purpose of removing the old 1492-byte limit (originally defined because PPP needs 8 more bytes of overhead), so that normal 1500-byte Ethernet can run without fragmentation. The "PPP-Max-Payload" tag can still accommodate much larger, non-baby jumbo frames.
AAL Type 5 is similar to AAL 3/4 with a simplified information header scheme. This AAL assumes that the data is sequential from the end user and uses the Payload Type Indicator (PTI) bit to indicate the last cell in a transmission. Examples of services that use AAL 5 are classic IP over ATM, Ethernet Over ATM, SMDS, and LAN Emulation (LANE).