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The vitamin D receptor (VDR also known as the calcitriol receptor) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. [5] Calcitriol (the active form of vitamin D , 1,25-(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 ) binds to VDR, which then forms a heterodimer with the retinoid-X receptor .
The VDR is widely distributed in tissues, and is not restricted to those tissues considered the classic targets of vitamin D. The VDR upon binding to 1,25(OH) 2 D heterodimerizes with other nuclear hormone receptors, in particular the family of retinoid X receptors. This VDR/RXR heterodimer complex binds to the specific VDRE in the promoters of ...
The synthesis rate of Taq polymerase is around 60 base pairs per second. Among the unmodified thermostable DNA polymerases, only the synthesis rate of KOD polymerase is above 100 base pairs per second (approx. 120 bp/s). [11] Among the modified thermostable DNA polymerases, various mutations have been described that increase the synthesis rate.
Its name is often abbreviated to Taq or Taq pol. It is frequently used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method for greatly amplifying the quantity of short segments of DNA . T. aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vents , and Taq polymerase was identified [ 1 ] as an enzyme able to withstand the protein ...
Types of mutations that can be introduced by random, site-directed, combinatorial, or insertional mutagenesis. In molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms. The ...
V(D)J recombination (variable–diversity–joining rearrangement) is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation.
Site-directed mutagenesis is used to generate mutations that may produce a rationally designed protein that has improved or special properties (i.e.protein engineering). Investigative tools – specific mutations in DNA allow the function and properties of a DNA sequence or a protein to be investigated in a rational approach. Furthermore ...
Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.