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In electrical engineering, the power gain of an electrical network is the ratio of an output power to an input power. Unlike other signal gains, such as voltage and current gain, "power gain" may be ambiguous as the meaning of terms "input power" and "output power" is not always clear. Three important power gains are operating power gain ...
A gain greater than one (greater than zero dB), that is, amplification, is the defining property of an active device or circuit, while a passive circuit will have a gain of less than one. [4] The term gain alone is ambiguous, and can refer to the ratio of output to input voltage (voltage gain), current (current gain) or electric power (power ...
The use of voltage gain figure is appropriate when the amplifier's input impedance is much higher than the source impedance, and the load impedance higher than the amplifier's output impedance. If two equivalent amplifiers are being compared, the amplifier with higher gain settings would be more sensitive as it would take less input signal to ...
An important gain compression parameter is the OP1dB, which is the power input that results in a 1 dB compression of the output power (OP), corresponding to a gain ratio of 10-1 ⁄ 10 = 79.4%. Harmonic distortion results from nonlinear transfer curves.
In practice, the voltage gain for a typical 741-style op amp is of order 200,000, [16] and the current gain, the ratio of input impedance (~2−6 MΩ) to output impedance (~50 Ω) provides yet more (power) gain.
The linear range is that range of input or output values for which an electronic amplifier produces an output signal that is a direct, linear function of the input signal. That is, the output can be represented by the equation: Output = Input × Gain. When operating in the linear range, no clipping occurs.
This represents the gain magnitude (absolute value), the ratio of the output power-wave to the input power-wave, and it equals the square-root of the power gain. This is a real-value (or scalar) quantity, the phase information being dropped.
The gain may be specified as the ratio of output voltage to input voltage (voltage gain), output power to input power , or some combination of current, voltage, and power. In many cases the property of the output that varies is dependent on the same property of the input, making the gain unitless (though often expressed in decibels (dB)).