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In ecology, the occupancy–abundance (O–A) relationship is the relationship between the abundance of species and the size of their ranges within a region. This relationship is perhaps one of the most well-documented relationships in macroecology, and applies both intra- and interspecifically (within and among species).
In the BitTorrent file distribution system, a torrent file or meta-info file is a computer file that contains metadata about files and folders to be distributed, and usually also a list of the network locations of trackers, which are computers that help participants in the system find each other and form efficient distribution groups called swarms. [1]
For example, six ordinary peers and two seeds make a swarm of eight. This is a holdover from the predecessor to BitTorrent, a program called Swarmcast, originally from OpenCola. BitTorrent may sometimes display a swarm number that has no relation to the number of seeds and peers you are connected to or who are available.
The weakening rule may be expressed as a natural deduction sequent: Γ ⊢ C Γ , A ⊢ C {\displaystyle {\frac {\Gamma \vdash C}{\Gamma ,A\vdash C}}} This can be read as saying that if, on the basis of a set of assumptions Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } , one can prove C, then by adding an assumption A, one can still prove C.
A sequent is said to be an intuitionistic sequent if there is at most one formula in the succedent (although multi-succedent calculi for intuitionistic logic are also possible). More precisely, the restriction of the general sequent calculus to single-succedent-formula sequents, with the same inference rules as for general sequents, constitutes ...
Torrent poisoning is intentionally sharing corrupt data or data with misleading, deceiving file names using the BitTorrent protocol.This practice of uploading fake torrents is sometimes carried out by anti-infringement organisations as an attempt to prevent the peer-to-peer (P2P) sharing of copyrighted content, and to gather the IP addresses of downloaders.
The Sequence diagram of UML Overview. In software engineering, a sequence diagram [1] shows process interactions arranged in time sequence. This diagram depicts the processes and objects involved and the sequence of messages exchanged as needed to carry out the functionality.
In proof theory and mathematical logic, sequent calculus is a family of formal systems sharing a certain style of inference and certain formal properties. The first sequent calculi systems, LK and LJ, were introduced in 1934/1935 by Gerhard Gentzen [1] as a tool for studying natural deduction in first-order logic (in classical and intuitionistic versions, respectively).