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Cephalohematoma should be distinguished from another scalp bleeding called subgaleal hemorrhage (also called subaponeurotic hemorrhage), which is blood between the scalp and skull bone (above the periosteum) and is more extensive. It is more prone to complications, especially anemia and bruising.
The majority of neonatal cases (90%) result from applying a vacuum to the head at delivery (ventouse-assisted delivery).The vacuum assist ruptures the emissary veins (i.e., connections between dural sinus and scalp veins) leading to accumulation of blood under the aponeurosis of the scalp muscle and superficial to the periosteum.
[6] [18] [19] Like a chignon, a caput succadaneum is usually benign and should resolve within a few days postpartum. [6] Unlike a chignon, a caput succedaneum can lead to further complications, such as halo scalp ring, a form of hair loss or alopecia. [6] In some cases, a caput succadaneum can cause permanent hair loss or scarring. [6]
A hematoma is benign and is initially in liquid form spread among the tissues including in sacs between tissues where it may coagulate and solidify before blood is reabsorbed into blood vessels. An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm. [2]
Caput succedaneum is a benign neonatal condition involving a serosanguinous (containing blood and serum), subcutaneous, extra-periosteal fluid collection with poorly defined margins caused by the pressure on the presenting part of the fetal scalp by the vaginal walls and uterus as the infant passes through a narrowed cervix during delivery. [1]
Epidural hematoma is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull. [4] When this condition occurs in the spinal canal, it is known as a spinal epidural hematoma. [4] There may be loss of consciousness following a head injury, a brief regaining of consciousness, and then loss of ...
Traumatic extradural, or epidural hematoma, bleeding between the dura mater and the skull; Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage; Cerebral contusion, a bruise of the brain; Concussion, a loss of function due to trauma; Dementia pugilistica, or "punch-drunk syndrome", caused by repetitive head injuries, for example in boxing or other contact sports
The bitemporal (8.0 cm), the greatest distance between the two temporal sutures. The occipitomental (12.5 cm), from the chin to the most prominent portion of the occiput The suboccipitobregmatic (9.5 cm), which follows a line drawn from the middle of the large fontanel to the undersurface of the occipital bone just where it joins the neck