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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing inflammation of the pancreas that alters the organ's normal structure and functions. [1] It can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas , or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption .
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
Severe acute pancreatitis has mortality rates around 2–9%, higher where necrosis of the pancreas has occurred. [44] Several scoring systems are used to predict the severity of an attack of pancreatitis. They each combine demographic and laboratory data to estimate severity or probability of death.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is the inability to properly digest food due to a lack or reduction of digestive enzymes made by the pancreas.EPI can occur in humans and is prevalent in many conditions [1] such as cystic fibrosis, [2] Shwachman–Diamond syndrome, [3] different types of pancreatitis, [4] multiple types of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes), [5] advanced ...
assess mortality risk of acute pancreatitis The Ranson criteria form a clinical prediction rule for predicting the prognosis and mortality risk of acute pancreatitis . They were introduced in 1974 by the English - American pancreatic expert and surgeon Dr. John Ranson (1938–1995).
Acute pancreatitis is likely to cause intense pain in the central abdomen, that often radiates to the back, and may be associated with nausea or vomiting. Severe pancreatitis may lead to bleeding or perforation of the pancreas resulting in shock or a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, bruising of the flanks or the region around the belly ...
Autoimmune Pancreatitis; Other names: AIP: A. Axial CT image in the pancreatic parenchymal phase shows the typical enlarged, poorly enhancing gland. B. Coronal T2 Weighted MR image demonstrates low signal intensity in the pancreas due to the diffuse fibrosis in the gland.