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Alcohol burners are preferred for some uses over Bunsen burners for safety purposes, and in laboratories where natural gas is not available. Their flame is limited to approximately 5 centimeters (two inches) in height, with a comparatively lower temperature than the gas flame of the Bunsen burner.
The alcohol-water mixture flame can be hard to detect, so sodium chloride can be added to give the flames an orange-yellow color. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] For safety purpose, a water tray should be prepared for emergency use in case a paper banknote caught a fire, and flammable and combustible materials should not be kept or put near the flame.
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Chemistry stencils that used to be used for drawing equipment in lab notebooks. A laboratory notebook ( colloq. lab notebook or lab book ) is a primary record of research . Researchers use a lab notebook to document their hypotheses , experiments and initial analysis or interpretation of these experiments.
The book was also believed to be a source of inspiration to David Hahn, nicknamed "the Radioactive Boy Scout" by the media, who attempted to construct a nuclear reactor in his mother's shed, [2] although the book does not include any nuclear reactions. Due to safety concerns, the book was eventually pulled from library shelves. [3]
Alcohol has been used as an antiseptic as early as 1363, with evidence to support its use becoming available in the late 1800s. [ 32 ] At times and places of poor public sanitation (such as medieval Europe ), the consumption of alcoholic drinks was a way of avoiding water-borne diseases such as cholera .
A gas-discharge lamp is an electric light using a gas-filled tube; these include fluorescent lamps, metal-halide lamps, sodium-vapor lamps, and neon lights. Specialized gas-filled tubes such as krytrons , thyratrons , and ignitrons are used as switching devices in electric devices.
[4] [5] These are the most universal character and are used for various purposes—from preparing solutions and decanting supernatant fluids to holding waste fluids prior to disposal to performing simple reactions. Low form beakers are likely to be used in some way when performing a chemical experiment.