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  2. Externality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality

    Whenever an externality arises on the production side, there will be two supply curves (private and social cost). However, if the externality arises on the consumption side, there will be two demand curves instead (private and social benefit). This distinction is essential when it comes to resolving inefficiencies that are caused by externalities.

  3. Environmental economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_economics

    An externality exists when a person makes a choice that affects other people in a way that is not accounted for in the market price. An externality can be positive or negative but is usually associated with negative externalities in environmental economics.

  4. Pigouvian tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigouvian_tax

    To deal with over-production, Pigou recommends a tax placed on the offending producer. If the government can accurately gauge the social cost, the tax could equalize the marginal private cost and the marginal social cost. In more specific terms, the producer would have to pay for the non-pecuniary externality that it created.

  5. Market failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_failure

    Different economists have different views about what events are the sources of market failure. Mainstream economic analysis widely accepts that a market failure (relative to Pareto efficiency) can occur for three main reasons: if the market is "monopolised" or a small group of businesses hold significant market power, if production of the good or service results in an externality (external ...

  6. Spillover (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillover_(economics)

    The concept of spillover in economics could be replaced by terminations of technology spillover, R&D spillover and/or knowledge spillover when the concept is specific to technology management and innovation economics. [2] Moreover, positive or negative impact often creates a social crisis or a shock in the market like booms or crashes. [1]

  7. 9 Items You Should Actually Store In The Freezer, According ...

    www.aol.com/9-items-actually-store-freezer...

    Freezer Storage Tips. Since it extends the life of perishable items by weeks to months, “freezer storage is an amazing way to reduce food waste,” explains Gangeri.

  8. Wendy Williams is 'permanently incapacitated' amid dementia ...

    www.aol.com/wendy-williams-permanently...

    "The proposed redactions are very narrowly drawn and do not undermine the public's ability to understand the core facts and legal arguments at issue in this litigation or to otherwise monitor the ...

  9. Ecological economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_economics

    Rather than assuming some (new) form of capitalism is the best way forward, an older ecological economic critique questions the very idea of internalizing externalities as providing some corrective to the current system. The work by Karl William Kapp explains why the concept of "externality" is a misnomer. [93]