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Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols. In deoxygenation, the alcohol group can be further reduced and removed altogether by replacement with H. Two broad strategies exist for carbonyl reduction. One method, which is favored in industry, uses hydrogen as the reductant.
The Mozingo reduction, also known as Mozingo reaction or thioketal reduction, is a chemical reaction capable of fully reducing a ketone or aldehyde to the corresponding alkane via a dithioacetal. [1] [2] The reaction scheme is as follows: [3]
The imine is then reduced to an amine by sodium cyanoborohydride. This reaction works on both aldehydes and ketones. The carbonyl can be treated with ammonia, a primary amine, or a secondary amine to produce, respectively, 1°, 2°, and 3° amines. [5] Aromatic ketones and aldehydes can be reductively deoxygenated using sodium cyanoborohydride. [6]
The second step is the deoxygenation of the pinacolate, which yields the alkene, this second step exploits the oxophilicity of titanium. A proposed mechanism when TiCl 4 and Zn(Cu) are used for the coupling of benzophenone, as proposed in a reference. [3] Note that the mechanism may vary when different conditions are used.
Clemmensen reduction is a chemical reaction described as a reduction of ketones or aldehydes to alkanes using zinc amalgam and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). [1] [2] This reaction is named after Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish-American chemist. [3] Scheme 1: Reaction scheme of Clemmensen Reduction.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
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In organic chemistry, the Myers deoxygenation reaction is an organic redox reaction that reduces an alcohol into an alkyl position by way of an arenesulfonyl hydrazine as a key intermediate. This name reaction is one of four discovered by Andrew Myers that are named after him; this reaction and the Myers allene synthesis reaction involve the ...