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William Whittingham (1524–1579) preacher, Biblical scholar and translator of the Geneva Bible who was known for his friendships with John Knox, John Calvin, and Henry Bullinger. When he returned to England he promoted Presbyterianism and preaching conventicles.
Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders. [2] Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word Presbyterian is applied to churches that trace their roots to the Church of Scotland or to English Dissenter groups that were formed during the English Civil War.
John Calvin (/ ˈ k æ l v ɪ n /; [1] Middle French: Jehan Cauvin; French: Jean Calvin [ʒɑ̃ kalvɛ̃]; 10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.
“Every choice gives you a chance to pave your own road. Keep moving. Full speed ahead.” — Oprah Winfrey “Leadership means that a group, large or small, is willing to entrust authority to a ...
Reformed Protestantism, of which Presbyterianism is a subset, originated in the Swiss Reformation under the leadership of Heinrich Bullinger, Huldrych Zwingli, William Farel and John Calvin. [1] Among these men, the theology of John Calvin would have the most influence. [2]
Presbyterianism was first described in detail by Martin Bucer of Strasbourg, who believed that the early Christian church implemented presbyterian polity. [4] The first modern implementation was by the Geneva church under the leadership of John Calvin in 1541. [4] In the early days of the Scottish Reformation there were Superintendents. [5]
Presbyterians trace their history to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. The Presbyterian heritage, and much of its theology, began with the French theologian and lawyer John Calvin (1509–64), whose writings solidified much of the Reformed thinking that came before him in the form of the sermons and writings of Huldrych Zwingli.
Bolsec was banished from the city, and after Calvin's death, he wrote a biography which severely maligned Calvin's character. [35] In the following year, Joachim Westphal , a Gnesio-Lutheran pastor in Hamburg, condemned Calvin and Zwingli as heretics in denying the eucharistic doctrine of the union of Christ's body with the elements.