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  2. Prices of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements

    Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars. ... (⁠ mg / kg ⁠) Price [7] Year Source Notes USD/kg USD/L [c] 1: H: Hydrogen ...

  3. Graphene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene

    In addition, it is known that when single-layer graphene is supported on an amorphous material, the thermal conductivity is reduced to about 500 – 600 W⋅m −1 ⋅K −1 at room temperature as a result of scattering of graphene lattice waves by the substrate, [172] [173] and can be even lower for few-layer graphene encased in amorphous ...

  4. Aerographene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerographene

    Graphene aerogel morphologies have also been demonstrated to be controllable through 3D printing methods. Graphene oxide ink composed of graphene oxide gelled in a viscous solution with the addition of silica to lower viscosity and enable printability of the graphene oxide ink. The ink is then extruded from a nozzle into isooctane, which ...

  5. Graphite oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite_oxide

    Structure proposed in 1998 [1] with functional groups. A: Epoxy bridges, B: Hydroxyl groups, C: Pairwise carboxyl groups. Graphite oxide (GO), formerly called graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers and acids for resolving of extra metals.

  6. Transparent conducting film - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_conducting_film

    Indium, the film's primary metal, is rare (6000 metric tons worldwide in 2006), and its price fluctuates due to market demand (over $800 per kg in 2006). [16] For this reason, doped binary compounds such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and indium-doped cadmium oxide have been proposed as alternative materials. AZO is composed of aluminum and ...

  7. Aerogel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel

    GraPhage13 is the first graphene-based aerogel assembled using graphene oxide and the M13 bacteriophage. [71] Chalcogel is an aerogel made of chalcogens (the column of elements on the periodic table beginning with oxygen) such as sulfur, selenium, and other elements. [72] Metals less expensive than platinum have been used in its creation.

  8. Graphene foam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_foam

    Schematic of the synthesis of graphene foam using a Ni template (top) and photographs of the products (bottom) Electron micrographs of the graphene foam prepared using a Ni template. Graphene foam is a solid, open-cell foam made of single-layer sheets of graphene. [1] [2] It is a candidate substrate for the electrode of lithium-ion batteries.

  9. Graphene oxide paper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene_oxide_paper

    Remarkably, the paper also cited the inter-layer distance in diluted NaOH as infinity thus reporting dispersion of graphite oxide on single-layered graphene oxide sheets in solution. The study also reported permeation rate of membranes for water 0.1 mg per minute per square cm. The diffusion rate of water was evaluated as 1 cm/hour.