Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Wolfram states several phenomena are normally computationally irreducible [1]. Computational irreducibility explains why many natural systems are hard to predict or simulate. The Principle of Computational Equivalence implies these systems are as computationally powerful as any designed computer.
Stephen Wolfram was born in London in 1959 to Hugo and Sybil Wolfram, both German Jewish refugees to the United Kingdom. [10] His maternal grandmother was British psychoanalyst Kate Friedlander . Wolfram's father, Hugo Wolfram , was a textile manufacturer and served as managing director of the Lurex Company—makers of the fabric Lurex . [ 11 ]
Stephen Wolfram proposed a scheme, known as the Wolfram code, to assign each rule a number from 0 to 255 which has become standard. Each possible current configuration is written in order, 111, 110, ..., 001, 000, and the resulting state for each of these configurations is written in the same order and interpreted as the binary representation ...
A physicist considers whether artificial intelligence can fix science, regulation, and innovation.
The basic subject of Wolfram's "new kind of science" is the study of simple abstract rules—essentially, elementary computer programs.In almost any class of a computational system, one very quickly finds instances of great complexity among its simplest cases (after a time series of multiple iterative loops, applying the same simple set of rules on itself, similar to a self-reinforcing cycle ...
Some speakers have included Sebastian Thrun, Rodney Brooks, Barney Pell, Marshall Brain, Justin Rattner, Peter Diamandis, Stephen Wolfram, Gregory Benford, Robin Hanson, Anders Sandberg, Juergen Schmidhuber, Aubrey de Grey, Max Tegmark, and Michael Shermer. There have also been spinoff conferences in Melbourne, Australia in 2010, 2011 and 2012.
On May 14, 2007, Wolfram announced a $25,000 prize to be won by the first person to prove or disprove the universality of the (2,3) Turing machine. [2] On 24 October 2007, it was announced that the prize had been won by Alex Smith, a student in electronics and computing at the University of Birmingham , for his proof that it was universal.
A well-known classification of cellular automata by Stephen Wolfram studies their behavior on random initial conditions. For a reversible cellular automaton, if the initial configuration is chosen uniformly at random among all possible configurations, then that same uniform randomness continues to hold for all subsequent states.