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Cleanthes was born in Assos in the Troad, about 330 BC. [a] According to Diogenes Laërtius, [2] he was the son of Phanias, and early in life he was a successful boxer.With but four drachmae in his possession he came to Athens, where he took up philosophy, listening first to the lectures of Crates the Cynic, [3] and then to those of Zeno, the Stoic.
Founder of Stoicism, three branches of philosophy (physics, ethics, logic), [1] Logos, rationality of human nature, phantasiai, katalepsis, world citizenship [2] Zeno of Citium ( / ˈ z iː n oʊ / ; Koinē Greek : Ζήνων ὁ Κιτιεύς , Zēnōn ho Kitieus ; c. 334 – c. 262 BC) was a Hellenistic philosopher from Citium ( Κίτιον ...
Stoic philosopher and grammarian. Librarian at Alexandria: Paconius Agrippinus (fl. 60 AD) Stoic philosopher spoken of with praise by Epictetus: Publius Egnatius Celer (fl. 60 AD) Stoic philosopher. Informer in the reign of Nero: Persius (34–62 AD) Stoic philosopher, poet and satirist: Helvidius Priscus (fl. 65 AD) Stoic philosopher and statesman
Founded by the philosopher Zeno of Citium, the Stoic philosophy was founded around 300 BC in Athens, Greece. The four tenets of this philosophy are wisdom, courage, temperance and justice.
Stoicism considers all existence as cyclical, the cosmos as eternally self-creating and self-destroying (see also Eternal return). Stoicism does not posit a beginning or end to the Universe. [32] According to the Stoics, the logos was the active reason or anima mundi pervading and animating the entire Universe. It was conceived as material and ...
Epictetus (/ ˌ ɛ p ɪ k ˈ t iː t ə s /, EH-pick-TEE-təss; [3] Ancient Greek: Ἐπίκτητος, Epíktētos; c. 50 – c. 135 AD) was a Greek Stoic philosopher. [4] [5] He was born into slavery at Hierapolis, Phrygia (present-day Pamukkale, in western Turkey) and lived in Rome until his banishment, when he went to Nicopolis in northwestern Greece, where he spent the rest of his life.
After the death of Panaetius (109 BC), the Stoic school at Athens seems to have fragmented, and Mnesarchus was probably one of several leading Stoics teaching in this era. He was probably dead by the time Cicero was learning philosophy in Athens in 79 BC. Cicero mentions him several times and seems to have been familiar with some of his writings:
Bobzien's major work Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy [4] is "the first full-scale modern study of the [Stoic] theory [of determinism]". [9] " It explores ... the views of the Stoics on causality, fate, the modalities, divination, rational agency, the non-futility of action, moral responsibility, [and the] formation of character". [10]