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Ferrofluid is a liquid that is attracted to the poles of a magnet. It is a colloidal liquid made of nanoscale ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). [1] Each magnetic particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ...
The chemical compositions of the solid and liquid metals affect the severity of embrittlement. The addition of third elements to the liquid metal may increase or decrease the embrittlement and alter the temperature region over which embrittlement is seen. Metal combinations which form intermetallic compounds do not cause LME.
When exposed to an oxidant, [156] especially a liquid oxidant, [155] the high surface-area to volume ratio of p-Si creates a very efficient burn, accompanied by nano-explosions, [152] and sometimes by ball-lightning-like plasmoids with, for example, a diameter of 0.1–0.8 m, a velocity of up to 0.5 m/s and a lifetime of up to 1s. [157]
The above table reflects the hybrid nature of metalloids. The properties of form, appearance, and behaviour when mixed with metals are more like metals. Elasticity and general chemical behaviour are more like nonmetals. Electrical conductivity, band structure, ionization energy, electronegativity, and oxides are intermediate between the two.
Despite the name, they are not liquid at room temperature. [1] Liquidmetal was introduced for commercial applications in 2003. [2] It is used for, among other things, golf clubs, watches, and covers of cell phones. The alloy was the result of a research program into amorphous metals carried out at Caltech.
The creation of sparks from metals is based on the pyrophoricity of small metal particles, and pyrophoric alloys are made for this purpose. [2] Practical applications include the sparking mechanisms in lighters and various toys, using ferrocerium; starting fires without matches, using a firesteel; the flintlock mechanism in firearms; and spark testing ferrous metals.
A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard temperature and pressure; [a] the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. [b]
where CH 3 Hg + (methylmercury ion) is a very soft acid and H + (proton) is a hard acid, which compete for B (the base to be classified). Some examples illustrating the effectiveness of the theory: Bulk metals are soft acids and are poisoned by soft bases such as phosphines and sulfides.