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In early November 2017, Turkish authorities issued an arrest warrant for Henri J. Barkey , former Director of the Middle East Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, stating that he is an agent of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), that he was present in Istanbul during the 2016 Turkish coup attempt ...
The army was popular and prestigious as the guarantor of the Turkish state and of Turkish multiparty democracy (after its effective establishment following World War II). [1] Cemal Gürsel, leader of the successful 1960 coup. The army first exercised its reserve power in the 1960 Turkish coup d'état.
According to some sources, there was a coup d'état in 1993 in Turkey, allegedly organised and carried out by elements of the Turkish military through covert means. Although the early 1990s were a period of great violence in Turkey due to the Kurdish-Turkish conflict, 1993 saw a series of suspicious deaths: of President Turgut Özal, leading military figures, and journalists.
1960 Turkish coup d'état; 1971 Turkish military memorandum; 1980 Turkish coup d'état; 1993 alleged Turkish military coup; 1997 Turkish military memorandum; N.
The 1971 Turkish military memorandum (Turkish: 12 Mart Muhtırası), issued on 12 March that year, was the second military intervention to take place in the Republic of Turkey, coming 11 years after its 1960 predecessor. It is known as the "coup by memorandum", which the military delivered in lieu of sending out tanks, as it had done previously.
The 1980 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: 12 Eylül darbesi, lit. 'September 12 coup d'état'), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren , was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey , the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by memorandum .
Tanks moving on the streets of Sincan. The 1997 military memorandum (Turkish: 28 Şubat, "28 February"; also called postmodern darbe, "post-modern coup") in Turkey refers to a memorandum, in which decisions issued by the Turkish military leadership on a National Security Council meeting on 28 February 1997 resulted in the resignation of Islamist prime minister Necmettin Erbakan of the Welfare ...
On 18 June 2014, a Turkish court sentenced him to life imprisonment and demotion of his military rank, (down to private from army general) for leading the military coup in 1980. He was found guilty of obstructing democracy by deposing the prime minister Süleyman Demirel and of abolishing the parliament, senate and the constitution.