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Schlieren (/ ˈ ʃ l ɪər ən / SHLEER-ən; German: [ˈʃliːʁn̩] ⓘ, German for 'streaks') are optical inhomogeneities in transparent media that are not necessarily visible to the human eye. Schlieren physics developed out of the need to produce high-quality lenses devoid of such inhomogeneities.
Background-oriented schlieren technique (BOS [7]) relies on measuring or visualizing shifts in focused images. In these techniques, the background and the schlieren object (the distortion to be visualized) are both in focus and the distortion is detected because it moves part of the background image relative to its original position.
The term "schlieren imaging" is commonly used as a synonym for schlieren photography, though this article particularly treats visualization of the pressure field produced by ultrasonic transducers, generally in water or tissue-mimicking media. The method provides a two-dimensional (2D) projection image of the acoustic beam in real-time ("live ...
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Principle of the shearing interferometer. The shearing interferometer is an extremely simple means to observe interference and to use this phenomenon to test the collimation of light beams, especially from laser sources which have a coherence length which is usually significantly longer than the thickness of the shear plate (see graphics) so that the basic condition for interference is fulfilled.
The first application of the N-slit interferometer was the generation and measurement of complex interference patterns. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] These interferograms are accurately reproduced, or predicted, by the N -slit interferometric equation for either even ( N = 2, 4, 6,...), or odd ( N = 3, 5, 7,...), numbers of slits.
The air-wedge shearing interferometer is similar to the classical shearing interferometer but is micrometres thick, can operate with virtually any light source even with non-coherent white light, has an adjustable angular beam split, and uses standard inexpensive optical elements. Replacement of the second glass wedge by a plane-concave lens ...
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