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The pCO 2 of Earth's atmosphere has risen from approximately 280 ppm (parts-per-million) to a mean 2019 value of 409.8 ppm as a result of anthropogenic release of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning. [citation needed] This is the highest atmospheric concentration to have existed on Earth for at least the last 800,000 years. [1]
In statistical process control (SPC), the ¯ and R chart is a type of scheme, popularly known as control chart, used to monitor the mean and range of a normally distributed variables simultaneously, when samples are collected at regular intervals from a business or industrial process. [1]
The actual values in the lung vary depending on the position within the lung. If taken as a whole, the typical value is approximately 0.8. [4] Because the lung is centered vertically around the heart, part of the lung is superior to the heart, and part is inferior. This has a major impact on the V/Q ratio: [5] apex of lung – higher; base of ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Integrated pulmonary index (IPI) is a patient pulmonary index which uses information from capnography and pulse oximetry to provide a single value that describes the patient's respiratory status. IPI is used by clinicians to quickly assess the patient's respiratory status to determine the need for additional clinical assessment or intervention.
Toxic substances – Substances with an LD 50 value ≤ 300 mg/kg (oral) or ≤ 1000 mg/kg (dermal) or an LC 50 value ≤ 4000 ml/m 3 (inhalation of dusts or mists) e.g. nearly everything that contains cyanide groups. Division 6.1 Corrosive substances – Substances which:
Measurement of PEFR requires training to correctly use a meter and the normal expected value depends on the patient's sex, age, and height. It is classically reduced in obstructive lung disorders such as asthma. Due to the wide range of 'normal' values and the high degree of variability, peak flow is not the recommended test to identify asthma.
English: Normal values for Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) and Forced Expiratory Flow 25–75% (FEF25–75%). Y-axis is expressed in Litres for FVC and FEV1, and in Litres/second for FEF25–75%. See main article: Wikipedia:Spirometry