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Corundum. Corundum is a crystalline form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) typically containing traces of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium. [3][4] It is a rock -forming mineral. It is a naturally transparent material, but can have different colors depending on the presence of transition metal impurities in its crystalline structure. [7]
Mohs scale. The Mohs scale (/ moʊz / MOHZ) of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale, from 1 to 10, characterizing scratch resistance of minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material. The scale was introduced in 1812 by the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs, in his book Versuch einer ...
Emery, or corundite, is a dark granular rock used to make an abrasive powder. The rock largely consists of corundum (aluminium oxide), mixed with other minerals. Industrial emery may contain a variety of other minerals and synthetic compounds. Crushed or naturally eroded emery (known as black sand) is used as an abrasive.
Measures the scratch hardness of a mineral expressed on a quantitative scale. These measurements must be performed in a laboratory, since the surfaces must be flat and smooth. The base value of the Rosiwal scale is defined as corundum set to 1000 (unitless). See also. Hardness; August Karl Rosiwal; Friedrich Mohs; References
Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.
Fields. Geology, mineralogy. Carl Friedrich Christian Mohs (/ moʊz / MOHZ, German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈmoːs]; 29 January 1773 – 29 September 1839) was a German chemist and mineralogist. He was the creator of the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. [1] Mohs also introduced a classification of the crystal forms in crystal systems independently of ...
The name "corundum" is derived from the Tamil-Dravidian word kurundam (ruby-sapphire) (appearing in Sanskrit as kuruvinda). Because of corundum's hardness (pure corundum is defined to have 9.0 on the Mohs scale), it can scratch almost all other minerals.
The Mohs Hardness Scale [17] is a commonly used tool in lapidary to help measure a minerals hardness. A minerals hardness is measured by seeing how easily scratched it is, and what other minerals on the Mohs Hardness scale can scratch it. This tool is helpful in indicating what different lapidary methods should be used on the material.
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