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Lewis Bases. Lewis Bases donate an electron pair. Lewis Bases are Nucleophilic meaning that they “attack” a positive charge with their lone pair. They utilize the highest occupied molecular orbital or HOMO (Figure 2). An atom, ion, or molecule with a lone-pair of electrons can thus be a Lewis base.
A Lewis base is a chemical compound that can donate a pair of electrons to a suitable electron-pair acceptor (Lewis acid) to form a Lewis adduct. Thus, the definition, chemical behaviour, and the applications of Lewis acids and bases are briefly discussed in this article.
A Lewis base, then, is any species that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which is not involved in bonding but may form a dative bond with a Lewis acid to form a Lewis adduct. For example, NH 3 is a Lewis base, because it can donate its lone pair of electrons.
The Lewis base is (CH 3) 2 S, and the Lewis acid is BH 3. As in the reaction shown in Equation 8.21, CO 2 accepts a pair of electrons from the O 2− ion in CaO to form the carbonate ion. The oxygen in CaO is an electron-pair donor, so CaO is the Lewis base.
The classic example is the reaction of boron trifluoride with ammonia to form an adduct: \[\ce{BF_3 + NH_3 \rightarrow F_3B-NH_3}\] One of the most commonly-encountered kinds of Lewis acid-base reactions occurs when electron-donating ligands form coordination complexes with transition-metal ions.
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Shortly after Bronsted and Lowry proposed their definition of acids and bases, the American chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis, building upon his new understanding of the nature of the chemical bond, proposed the definition that an acid is an electron pair acceptor while a base is an electron pair donor.
A few examples involving other Lewis acids and bases are described below. The boron atom in boron trifluoride, BF3 BF 3, has only six electrons in its valence shell.
Learn about Lewis acid and base theory. See examples of Lewis acids and bases and learn how they differ from Bronsted acids and bases.
Example of Lewis base (oxygen atom from carbonyl) reacting with Lewis Acid (Mg 2 + ion). The reaction of a Lewis acid and a Lewis base will produce a coordinate covalent bond. A coordinate covalent bond is just a type of covalent bond in which one reactant donates both electrons to form the bond.