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Organophosphate poisoning is poisoning due to organophosphates (OPs). [4] Organophosphates are used as insecticides, medications, and nerve agents. [4] Symptoms include increased saliva and tear production, diarrhea, vomiting, small pupils, sweating, muscle tremors, and confusion. [2]
Chlorpyrifos (CPS), also known as chlorpyrifos ethyl, is an organophosphate pesticide that has been used on crops, and animals in buildings, and in other settings, to kill several pests, including insects and worms.
Phosphamidon is an organophosphate insecticide first reported in 1960. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] It acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor . The commercial product typically exists as a mixture of 70% ( Z )- isomer and 30% ( E )-isomer.
Organophosphate insecticides are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which disrupt the transmission of nerve signals in exposed organisms, with fatal results. The risk of human death through organophosphate poisoning [ 33 ] was obvious from the start and led to efforts to lower toxicity against mammals while not reducing efficacy against insects.
Cholinesterase reactivators are drugs that reverse the inhibition of cholinesterase by organophosphates or sulfonates. [1] They are used as antidote for treating organophosphate insecticide and nerve agent poisoning. [2]
In a study published in Genome Biology, [6] researchers demonstrated the gut microbiota mediated diabetogenic effect of organophosphate insecticides. They used monocrotophos as the prototypical organophosphate in their study and showcased that during chronic intake, monocrotophos is degraded by the gut microbiota and the end products are converted to glucose via gluconeogenesis that account ...
Profenofos is an organophosphate insecticide. It is a liquid with a pale yellow to amber color and a garlic-like odor. [1] It was first registered in the United States in 1982. [3]: 1 As of 2015, it was not approved in the European Union. [4]
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate, abbreviated TEPP, is an organophosphate compound with the formula [(C 2 H 5 O) 2 P(O)] 2 O. It is the tetraethyl derivative of pyrophosphate (P 2 O 7 4-). It is a colorless oil that solidifies near room temperature. It is used as an insecticide. The compound hydrolyzes rapidly. [3]