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Mild signs of hypertensive retinopathy can be seen quite frequently in normal people (3–14% of adult individuals aged ≥40 years), even without hypertension. [4] Hypertensive retinopathy is commonly considered a diagnostic feature of a hypertensive emergency although it is not invariably present.
Diabetic retinopathy affects about 5 million people and retinopathy of prematurity affect about 50,000 premature infants each year worldwide. [6] [27] Hypertensive retinopathy is the next most common cause affecting anywhere from 3 to 14% of all non-diabetic adults. [28]
Ocular hypertension. Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [ 1][ 2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg. [ 3][ 4] Elevated intraocular pressure is an important risk ...
Diagnosis. The term hypertensive emergency is primarily used as a specific term for a hypertensive crisis with a diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 120 mmHg or systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 180 mmHg. [9] Hypertensive emergency differs from hypertensive urgency in that, in the former, there is evidence of acute ...
Diabetic retinopathy. Often asymptomatic, but can cause spots in the eye and vision loss. Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease ), is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Diabetic retinopathy affects up to 80 percent of those who ...
Retinal hemorrhage (UK English: retinal haemorrhage) is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. [ 1] There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form ...
A hypertensive urgency is a clinical situation in which blood pressure is very high (e.g., 220/125 mmHg) with minimal or no symptoms, and no signs or symptoms indicating acute organ damage. [ 1][ 2] This contrasts with a hypertensive emergency where severely high blood pressure is accompanied by evidence of progressive organ or system damage. [ 1]
Hypertensive retinopathy is a condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with elevated blood pressure. It was first described by Liebreich in 1859. [58] The retinal circulation undergoes a series of pathophysiological changes in response to elevated blood pressure. [59]