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  2. Balanced circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced_circuit

    Balanced, symmetrical circuit. A balanced circuit will normally show a symmetry of its components about a horizontal line midway between the two conductors (example in figure 3). This is different from what is normally meant by a symmetrical circuit, which is a circuit showing symmetry of its components about a vertical line at its midpoint. An ...

  3. Modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulation

    The changes in the carrier signal are chosen from a finite number of M alternative symbols (the modulation alphabet). Schematic of 4 baud, 8 bit/s data link containing arbitrarily chosen values. A simple example: A telephone line is designed for transferring audible sounds, for example, tones, and not digital bits (zeros and ones). Computers ...

  4. Armstrong phase modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_phase_modulator

    In the Armstrong method, the audio signal and the radio frequency carrier signal are applied to the balanced modulator to generate a double sideband suppressed carrier signal. The phase of this output signal is then shifted 90 degrees with respect to the original carrier. The balanced modulator output can either lead or lag the carrier's phase.

  5. Gilbert cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_cell

    Such circuits are widely used for frequency conversion in radio systems. [1] The advantage of this circuit is the output current is an accurate multiplication of the (differential) base currents of both inputs. As a mixer, its balanced operation cancels out many unwanted mixing products, resulting in a "cleaner" output.

  6. Frequency-division multiplexing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-division...

    The carrier is much higher in frequency than the baseband signal. The carrier signal and the baseband signal are combined in a modulator circuit. The modulator alters some aspect of the carrier signal, such as its amplitude, frequency, or phase, with the baseband signal, "piggybacking" the data onto the carrier.

  7. Phase modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_modulation

    Phase modulation (PM) is a modulation pattern for conditioning communication signals for transmission. It encodes a message signal as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave . Phase modulation is one of the two principal forms of angle modulation , together with frequency modulation .

  8. Balun - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balun

    Circuit diagram of an autotransformer balun using three taps on a single winding on a ferrite rod.. An ideal balun consists of two wires (primary and secondary) and a core: the current in the primary wire generates a magnetic field in the core, which in turn induces an electric field in the secondary wire.

  9. Ring modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_modulation

    A ring modulator is an electronic device for ring modulation. A ring modulator may be used in music synthesizers and as an effects unit. The name derives from the fact that the analog circuit of diodes originally used to implement this technique takes the shape of a ring: a diode ring. [2]