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Fortunately, warfare has largely become a thing of the past for these magnificent, intelligent, and long-suffering creatures. We can hope for the day when we can say the same about human beings.
The term psychological warfare is believed to have migrated from Germany to the United States in 1941. [68] During World War II, the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff defined psychological warfare broadly, stating "Psychological warfare employs any weapon to influence the mind of the enemy. The weapons are psychological only in the effect ...
For instance, psychological operations, electronic warfare, logistical disruptions and other non-lethal means can be used to achieve the demoralization or defeat of an enemy force while minimizing civilian casualties or avoiding the destruction of infrastructure.
Demoralization is, in a context of warfare, national security, and law enforcement, a process in psychological warfare with the objective to erode morale among enemy combatants and/or noncombatants. That can encourage them to retreat, surrender, or defect rather than defeating them in combat.
The military employed psychologists to study tactics in psychological warfare and propaganda as well as studying the United States troops themselves. [3] The Office of Strategic Services also cultivated a Psychology Division, directed by Robert Tryon, to study the group behavior of humans for warfare purposes. [4]
Military theory is the study of the theories which define, inform, guide and explain war and warfare.Military Theory analyses both normative behavioral phenomena and explanatory causal aspects to better understand war and how it is fought. [1]
Peace psychological research can be analytically (research on peace) or normatively (research for peace) oriented. Regardless of its analytical or normative orientation, peace psychological research mainly deals with the psychological aspects of the formation, escalation, reduction, and resolution of conflicts (including war), the psychosocial conditions conducive or detrimental to a ...
The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury’s 24/7 live chat outreach center (also at 866-966-1020 or email resources@dcoeoutreach.org). The Pentagon website Military OneSource for short-term, non-medical counseling. Veterans can call, text or chat with the Veterans Crisis Line. Dial 800-273-8255.