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Computer model of the Banzhaf power index from the Wolfram Demonstrations Project. The Banzhaf power index, named after John Banzhaf (originally invented by Lionel Penrose in 1946 and sometimes called Penrose–Banzhaf index; also known as the Banzhaf–Coleman index after James Samuel Coleman), is a power index defined by the probability of changing an outcome of a vote where voting rights ...
For example, in a weighted voting system where one voter has 51% of the weight, this voter holds all the power, even if there is another voter who theoretically has 49% of the weight. The Banzhaf power index and the Shapley–Shubik power index provide more accurate measures of voting power, by estimating the probability that an individual ...
For example, if one state has 30% of the total voting weights while the threshold for decision making is at 29%, this state will have 100% voting power (i.e., an index of 1). For the EU-27, an optimal threshold, at which the voting powers of all citizens in any member state are almost equal, has been computed at about 61.6%. [ 3 ]
John Francis Banzhaf III (/ ˈ b æ n z. h ɑː f /; [1] born July 2, 1940) is an American public interest lawyer, legal activist, and law professor at the George Washington University Law School. He is the founder of an antismoking advocacy group, Action on Smoking and Health . [ 2 ]
There are a number of methods which compute a voting power for different sized or weighted constituencies. The main ones are the Shapley–Shubik power index, the Banzhaf power index. These power indexes assume the constituencies can join up in any random way and approximate to the square root of the weighting as given by the Penrose method ...
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Did the intake form indicate the jail was aware this person was under the influence of drugs or alcohol? Are there other warning signs they could have caught? (For example, was this person arrested for public intoxication?) 6. Reporting on medical-related deaths. Try to find out more about the person's medical condition and care while in jail.