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Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. [2] [3] Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below).
Infection occurs in about 30% of women who are taking a course of antibiotics by mouth. [2] Broad-spectrum antibiotics kill healthy bacteria in the vagina, such as Lactobacillus. These bacteria normally help to limit yeast colonization. [14] [15] Oral contraceptive use is also associated with increased risk of vaginal thrush. [16] [2]
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection of the vagina caused by excessive growth of bacteria. [ 6 ] [ 12 ] Common symptoms include increased vaginal discharge that often smells like fish. [ 2 ] The discharge is usually white or gray in color. [ 2 ]
The amount and type of bacteria present have significant implications for an individual's overall health. [2] The primary colonizing bacteria of a healthy individual are of the genus Lactobacillus, [3] such as L. crispatus, and the lactic acid they produce is thought to protect against infection by pathogenic species. [4]
Lactobacillus crispatus is a normal inhabitant of the lower reproductive tract in healthy women. [17] [18] Functionally, like other lactic acid-producing bacteria, it may prevent infections through production of lactic acid, thereby lowering the pH. [19] Condom use was correlated with increased colonization of Lactobacillus crispatus in the ...
Lactobacillus jensenii is a lactic acid bacteria species in the genus Lactobacillus. It is one of the four main species of Lactobacillus considered to be the major part of the vaginal flora, along with Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus iners. [1] [2] L. jensenii is sometimes used in producing fermented foods. [3]
Some women consume good bacteria [clarification needed] in food with live culture, such as yogurt, sauerkraut and kimchi, or in probiotic supplements either to try to prevent candidiasis, or to reduce the likelihood of developing bacterial vaginitis following antibiotic treatment. There is no firm evidence to suggest that eating live yogurt or ...
G. vaginalis is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-variable rod that is involved, together with many other bacteria, mostly anaerobic, in bacterial vaginosis (BV) in some women as a result of a disruption in the normal vaginal microflora. The resident facultative anaerobic Lactobacillus population in the vagina is responsible for the acidic ...