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In computer architecture, the memory hierarchy separates computer storage into a hierarchy based on response time.Since response time, complexity, and capacity are related, the levels may also be distinguished by their performance and controlling technologies. [1]
Writable variants of ROM (such as EEPROM and NOR flash) share properties of both ROM and RAM, enabling data to persist without power and to be updated without requiring special equipment. ECC memory (which can be either SRAM or DRAM) includes special circuitry to detect and/or correct random faults (memory errors) in the stored data, using ...
In contemporary usage, memory is usually fast but temporary semiconductor read-write memory, typically DRAM (dynamic RAM) or other such devices. Storage consists of storage devices and their media not directly accessible by the CPU ( secondary or tertiary storage ), typically hard disk drives , optical disc drives, and other devices slower than ...
Historical lowest retail price of computer memory and storage Electromechanical memory used in the IBM 602, an early punch multiplying calculator Detail of the back of a section of ENIAC, showing vacuum tubes Williams tube used as memory in the IAS computer c. 1951 8 GB microSDHC card on top of 8 bytes of magnetic-core memory (1 core is 1 bit.)
For example, users modifying or replacing the Android operating system describe files containing a modified or replacement operating system as "custom ROMs" after the type of storage the file used to be written to, and they may distinguish between ROM (where software and data is stored, usually Flash memory) and RAM. ROM and RAM are essential ...
The instruction memory, implemented as read-only memory from the viewpoint of the computer and designated ROM, holds assembled binary program code for execution. The random access memory, called RAM, provides storage for an executing program’s data and provides services and storage areas for the computer’s memory-mapped I/O mechanism. Data ...
RAM (Random-access memory) – This has become a generic term for any semiconductor memory that can be written to, as well as read from, in contrast to ROM (below), which can only be read. All semiconductor memory, not just RAM, has the property of random access .
Differences are noted below. DVD-RAM, which did not gain wide penetration of the consumer market, is discussed briefly in the same section but otherwise excluded from the article. ROM formats are excluded; they perform rather like write-once "R" formats, without the capacity to write to the disc.