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The first recorded successful appendectomy was performed in September 1731 by English surgeon William Cookesley on Abraham Pike, a chimney sweep. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The second was on December 6, 1735, at St. George's Hospital in London, when French surgeon Claudius Amyand described the presence of a perforated appendix within the inguinal hernial ...
Claudius Amyand (c. 1680 – 6 July 1740) was a French surgeon who performed the first recorded successful appendectomy. Amyand was born around 1680, the son of Isaac Amyand and Anne Hottot in Mornac, Saintonge, France. As Huguenots, the Amyands fled to England following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 and settled in London. [1]
First Maccabees tells us that the Seleucids forbade the practice of brit milah, and punished those who performed it – as well as the infants who underwent it – with death. The 1st-century Jewish author Philo Judaeus (20 BCE – 50 CE) [ 55 ] defended Jewish circumcision on several grounds, including health, cleanliness and fertility. [ 56 ]
Although the term "baptism" is not today used to describe the Jewish rituals (in contrast to New Testament times, when the Greek word baptismos did indicate Jewish ablutions or rites of purification), [1] [2] the purification rites (or mikvah—ritual immersion) in Jewish law and tradition are similar to baptism, and the two have been linked.
The New Testament was written in Koine Greek, with possible Aramaic undertones, as was the first translation of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Septuagint or Greek Old Testament. Therefore, Hebrew, Greek and sometimes Aramaic continue to be taught in most universities, colleges and seminaries with strong programs in biblical studies.
The Elkesaites were a Judeo-Christian baptismal sect that originated in the Transjordan and were active between 100 and 400 CE. [20] The members of this sect, like the Mandaeans, performed frequent baptisms for purification and had a Gnostic disposition. [20] [16]: 123 The sect is named after its leader Elkesai. [21]
1840 – Baptisms for the dead began to be performed for the first time. They were initially performed outdoors in the Mississippi River. [20]: 141, 145 1841 – The outdoor practice of baptisms for the dead was halted until a month later when they were first administered indoors in the Nauvoo Temple. [20]: 145
The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is an apocryphal gospel about the childhood of Jesus.The scholarly consensus dates it to the mid-to-late second century, with the oldest extant fragmentary manuscript dating to the fourth or fifth century, and the earliest complete manuscript being the Codex Sabaiticus from the 11th century.