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The C-rate is defined as the charge or discharge current divided by the battery's capacity to store an electrical charge. While rarely stated explicitly, the unit of the C-rate is h −1 , equivalent to stating the battery's capacity to store an electrical charge in unit hour times current in the same unit as the charge or discharge current.
While the state of charge is usually expressed using percentage points (0 % = empty; 100 % = full), depth of discharge is either expressed using units of Ah (e.g. for a 50 Ah battery, 0 Ah is full and 50 Ah is empty) or percentage points (100 % is empty and 0 % is full). The capacity of a battery may also be higher than its nominal rating.
In a battery electric vehicle (BEV), the state of charge indicates the remaining energy in the battery pack. [4] It is the equivalent of a fuel gauge.. The state of charge can help to reduce electrical car's owners' anxiety when they are waiting in the line or stay at home since it will reflect the progress of charging and let owners know when it will be ready. [5]
For example, consider a battery with a capacity of 200 Ah at the C 20 rate (C 20 means the 20-hour rate – i.e. the rate that will fully discharge the battery in 20 hours – which in this case is 10 A). If this battery is discharged at 10 A, it will last 20 hours, giving the rated capacity of 200 Ah.
As an example, Tesla states how, if the charge location is less than 30 to 45 minutes away, Model 3 drivers should “consider preconditioning the battery before driving”.
With time, the charge stored in the chemicals at the interface, often called interface charge or surface charge, spreads by diffusion of these chemicals throughout the volume of the active material. Consider a battery that has been completely discharged (such as occurs when leaving the car lights on overnight, a current draw of about 6 amps).
A battery indicator (also known as a battery gauge) is a device which gives information about a battery. This will usually be a visual indication of the battery's state of charge . It is particularly important in the case of a battery electric vehicle .
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related to: how to determine battery charge rate