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Knowledge is a form of familiarity, awareness, understanding, or acquaintance.It often involves the possession of information learned through experience [1] and can be understood as a cognitive success or an epistemic contact with reality, like making a discovery. [2]
The value of knowledge is the worth it holds by expanding understanding and guiding action. Knowledge can have instrumental value by helping a person achieve their goals. [56] For example, knowledge of a disease helps a doctor cure their patient, and knowledge of when a job interview starts helps a candidate arrive on time. [57]
Kvanvig has published extensively in areas such as epistemology, philosophy of religion, logic, and philosophy of language. Some of his books include Rationality and Reflection, The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Understanding, and The Problem of Hell (published 1993), which debates Hell in a modern theological and philosophical way. [2]
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, ... finding that the ethical value of words is the first factor.
The value of knowledge originates from the Socratic dialogue written by Plato called Meno. In Meno, Socrates' distinction between "true belief" and "knowledge" forms the basis of the philosophical definition of knowledge as "justified true belief". Socrates explains the similarities and differences between "true belief" and "knowledge", arguing ...
In comparing knowledge and product value, Amidon (1997) [7] observes that knowledge about how to produce products may be more valuable than the products themselves. Leonard [8] similarly points out that products are physical manifestations of knowledge and that their worth depends largely on the value of the embedded knowledge.
The third of the classical values – truth – is listed by Frankena alongside knowledge, understanding and wisdom. [38] Given that "truth may never be fully known" he shifted the emphasis onto knowledge, and most lists of values now tend to include knowledge rather than truth as one of the primary values.
Definitions of knowledge aim to identify the essential features of knowledge. Closely related terms are conception of knowledge, theory of knowledge, and analysis of knowledge. Some general features of knowledge are widely accepted among philosophers, for example, that it involves cognitive success and epistemic contact with reality.