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The strength of ships is a topic of key interest to naval architects and shipbuilders. Ships which are built too strong are heavy, slow, and cost extra money to build and operate since they weigh more, whilst ships which are built too weakly suffer from minor hull damage and in some extreme cases catastrophic failure and sinking.
Springing as a nautical term refers to global (vertical) resonant hull girder vibrations induced by continuous wave loading.When the global hull girder vibrations occur as a result of an impulsive wave loading, for example a wave slam at the bow (bow-slamming) or stern (stern-slamming), the phenomenon is denoted by the term whipping.
A hull is the watertight body of a ship, boat, submarine, or flying boat. The hull may open at the top (such as a dinghy), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a deckhouse and other superstructures, such as a funnel, derrick, or mast. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.
Hogging is the stress a ship's hull or keel experiences that causes the center or the keel to bend upward. Sagging is the stress a ship's hull or keel is placed under when a wave is the same length as the ship and the ship is in the trough of two waves.
In shipbuilding, the scantling refers to the collective dimensions of the framing [1] (apart from the keel) to which planks or plates are attached to form the hull. [2] The word is most often used in the plural to describe how much structural strength in the form of girders, I-beams, etc., is in a given section.
Graphical representation of the dimensions used to describe a ship. Dimension "b" is the beam at waterline.. The beam of a ship is its width at its widest point. The maximum beam (B MAX) is the distance between planes passing through the outer sides of the ship, beam of the hull (B H) only includes permanently fixed parts of the hull, and beam at waterline (B WL) is the maximum width where the ...
A strongback is a beam or girder which acts as a secondary support member to an existing structure. A strongback in a staircase is usually ordinary two-by dimensional lumber attached to the staircase stringers to stiffen the assembly.
By the Athenian trireme era (500 BC), [1] the hull was strengthened by enclosing the bow behind the ram, forming a bulkhead compartment. Instead of using bulkheads to protect ships against rams, Greeks preferred to reinforce the hull with extra timber along the waterline, making larger ships almost resistant to ramming by smaller ones. [2]