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Examples of discretionary costs are advertising, insurance premia, machine maintenance, and research & development expenditures. Discretionary fixed costs can be expensive. [4] In economics, the most commonly spoken about fixed costs are those that have to do with capital.
Here are some examples that can help you better understand discretionary spending and some easy ways to reduce these non-essential expenditures. 1. Dining out at restaurants or ordering takeout.
For example, you may be paying $2,000 every month in rent, mortgage or total cost of living. Some fixed expenses are also paid annually, bi-annually or quarterly.
Third-party reimbursement of health care costs by public and private insurance programs provided few incentives to control costs until the 1980s. The introduction of Medicare's prospective payment system for hospitals in 1983 and the increasing share of Health Maintenance Organizations in the mid-1980s helped to slow down health care costs. [ 3 ]
Some indirect costs may be overhead, but other overhead costs can be directly attributed to a project and are direct costs. There are two types of indirect costs. One are the fixed indirect costs, which are unchanged for a particular project or company, like transportation of labor to the working site, building temporary roads, etc.
Here’s an example. The ABC Company makes widgets. The company has fixed costs of $10,000 per month. Each widget costs the company $3.00 to make, and it sells each widget for $5.00.
The cost driver is a factor that creates or drives the cost of the activity. For example, the cost of the activity of bank tellers can be ascribed to each product by measuring how long each product's transactions (cost driver) take at the counter and then by measuring the number of each type of transaction.
A classic decision that hinges on fixed marketing costs versus variable marketing costs is the choice between engaging third-party contract sales representatives versus an in-house sales force. Hiring a salaried – or predominantly salaried – sales force entails more risk than the alternative because salaries must be paid even if the firm ...