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Functional disorders can affect the interplay of several organ systems (for example gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal or neurological) leading to multiple and variable symptoms. Less commonly there is a single prominent symptom or organ system affected.
Functional diversity is a politically and socially correct term for special needs, disability, impairment and handicap, which began to be used in Spain in scientific writing, at the initiative of those directly affected, in 2005.
An occupational therapist, for example, would observe a patient performing his or her daily activities and note the patient's functional abilities. This information would then be used to determine the extent to which the individual's abilities can be improved through therapy and to what extent the environment can be changed to facilitate the ...
In the domain of disability, measures have been developed to capture functional recovery in performing basic activities of daily living. [33] [34] Amongst them, some measures like the Functional Independence Measure are designed for assessment across a wide range of disabilities.
Disability activism itself has led to the revision of appropriate language, when discussing disability and disabled people. For example, the medical classification of 'retarded' has since been disregarded, due to its negative implications. Moreover, disability activism has also led to pejorative language being reclaimed by disabled people.
The rehabilitation model, also known as the functional limitations model, [2] aims to "rehabilitate" disability through alterations both to the disabled individual and their environment. [12] Like the medical model, it is categorized both as an individualistic model and as a deficit model, [ 12 ] but instead of a deficit in health it is a ...
Functional neurologic disorder, or functional neurological disorder (FND), is a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, ...
In clinical diagnostic and functional development, special needs (or additional needs) refers to individuals who require assistance for disabilities that may be medical, mental, or psychological. Guidelines for clinical diagnosis are given in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of ...