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In general, the treatment of postpartum preeclampsia is the same as during pregnancy, including using anti-hypertensive medications to lower blood pressure and magnesium sulfate to prevent eclampsia. The same blood pressure medications that are used during pregnancy can be used in the postpartum period.
Detection and management of pre-eclampsia is critical to reduce the risk of eclampsia. The USPSTF recommends regular checking of blood pressure through pregnancy in order to detect preeclampsia. [54] Appropriate management of a woman with pre-eclampsia generally involves the use of magnesium sulfate to prevent eclamptic seizures. [55]
Commonly used tocolytic medications include β 2 agonists, calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs, and magnesium sulfate. These can assist in delaying preterm delivery by suppressing uterine muscle contractions and their use is intended to reduce fetal morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth. [ 2 ]
Magnesium sulfate is effective in decreasing the risk that pre-eclampsia progresses to eclampsia. [24] Intravenous magnesium sulfate is used to prevent and treat seizures of eclampsia. It reduces the systolic blood pressure but does not alter the diastolic blood pressure, so the blood perfusion to the fetus is not compromised.
Magnesium sulfate is used often in patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia, can inadvertently inhibit uterine contractions. In addition, preeclampsia can lead to blood disorders such as thrombocytopenia, platelet abnormalities, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. [5]
As a bronchodilator after beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents have been tried, e.g. in severe exacerbations of asthma. [4]Obstetrics: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia, and is also used for fetal neuroprotection in preterm deliveries, but has been shown to be an ineffective tocolytic agent.
Magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound, a salt with the formula MgSO 4, consisting of magnesium cations Mg 2+ (20.19% by mass) and sulfate anions SO 2− 4. It is a white crystalline solid , soluble in water but not in ethanol .
Further research explores the management of postpartum hypertension, including the use of home blood pressure monitoring, pharmacological treatments, and magnesium sulfate regimens for preeclampsia, with emphasis on addressing disparities in care access and outcomes relating to race, ethnicity, and social determinants of health. [15]