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Xerostomia is the subjective sensation of dry mouth, which is often (but not always) associated with hypofunction of the salivary glands. [3] The term is derived from the Greek words ξηρός (xeros) meaning "dry" and στόμα (stoma) meaning "mouth". [4] [5] A drug or substance that increases the rate of salivary flow is termed a sialogogue.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause. [ 3 ] [ 7 ] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. [ 3 ]
Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth.
Stomatitis (mouth swelling) Liver failure; Pulmonary oedema (fluid in the lungs) Gastrointestinal bleeding; Pulmonary embolism; Myocardial ischaemia (lack of blood supply to the heart muscles) Speech disorders; Haemoglobin decrease; Proteinuria (protein in the urine; usually indicative of kidney damage)
Primary symptoms are dryness (dry mouth and dry eyes [2]), pain and fatigue. [15] Other symptoms can include dry skin, vaginal dryness, a chronic cough, numbness in the arms and legs, feeling tired, muscle and joint pains, and thyroid problems. [4] Those affected are also at an increased risk (15%) of lymphoma. [2] [7]
Dry mouth is often a side effect of medications used in the treatment of some mental disorders, rather than being caused by the underlying condition. [15] Such medications include antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, alpha agonists and anticholinergics. [16]
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips, [1] which occurs following treatment with medication. [6] [7] Additional motor symptoms include chorea or athetosis. [1]
These buccal tablets are administered for the treatment of severe nausea and vomiting associated with migraine, [13] [14] as well as managed in symptoms of schizophrenia. Side effects typically seen in patients using prochlorperazine maleate tablets include drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, and headache.
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