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Some non-mixed systems, which use multi-member constituencies either on their single tier or also on their lower tier use vote linkage. An example is the national remnant system of Weimar Germany . [ citation needed ] This system used an absolute quota (not dependent on the vote shares in the district, rather a fixed number of votes) instead of ...
Scorporo is a two-tier mixed system similar to MMP in that voters have two votes (one for a local candidate on the lower tier, and one for a party list on the upper tier), except that disproportionality caused by the single-member district tier is partially addressed through a vote transfer mechanism. [16]
In the paper Regional Peculiarities of the Municipal Reform in the Period of Transition, the authors state that double direct election results in a parochial council less interested in regional matters, as most "try to extract as much as they can for their lower tier municipality", [4] and that the upper tier council is less accountable to the ...
Investment tactics often require big buy-ins and high fees. New tech is lowering the price of entry in fields like direct indexing and private markets. This article is part of "Transforming ...
Partnerships vs. corporations. To help you better weigh the partnership vs. corporation situation, let’s look at those differences in detail. Partnership. C corporation. S corporation.
A real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) is "an entity that holds a fixed pool of mortgages and issues multiple classes of interests in itself to investors" under U.S. Federal income tax law and is "treated like a partnership for Federal income tax purposes with its income passed through to its interest holders".
This means that lower-income households had incomes below $56,600, and upper class households had incomes above $169,800. You may be curious to know where you stand in the context of upper, middle ...
Unused votes from the lower tier are counted on the upper tier in a compensatory way using a (partial, positive) vote transfer mechanism.This tied, preferential nature of the dual ballot makes it different from mixed-member proportional (seat linkage compensatory) and parallel voting (non-compensatory) systems, which also use two votes for the two tiers.