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Hyperchloremia. Hyperchloremia is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is an elevated level of chloride ions in the blood. [ 1] The normal serum range for chloride is 96 to 106 mEq/L, [ 2] therefore chloride levels at or above 110 mEq/L usually indicate kidney dysfunction as it is a regulator of chloride concentration. [ 3]
Electrolyte imbalance. Diagram of ion concentrations and charge across a semi-permeable cellular membrane. Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological ...
Salt poisoning is an intoxication resulting from the excessive intake of sodium (usually as sodium chloride) in either solid form or in solution ( saline water, including brine, brackish water, or seawater ). Salt poisoning sufficient to produce severe symptoms is rare, and lethal salt poisoning is possible but even rarer.
Excess sodium increases extracellular volume and the loss of hydrogen ions creates a metabolic alkalosis. Later, the kidney responds through the aldosterone escape to excrete sodium and chloride in urine. [8] Excess glycyrrhizin consumption; Low levels of magnesium in the blood; Severely high levels of calcium in the blood
Hypernatremia, also spelled hypernatraemia, is a high concentration of sodium in the blood. [ 3] Early symptoms may include a strong feeling of thirst, weakness, nausea, and loss of appetite. [ 1] Severe symptoms include confusion, muscle twitching, and bleeding in or around the brain. [ 1][ 2] Normal serum sodium levels are 135–145 mmol/L ...
Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [ 4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [ 3][ 8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe. [ 2][ 9] Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think ...
Chloride levels are rarely measured except for arterial blood gas interpretations since they are inherently linked to sodium levels. One important test conducted on urine is the specific gravity test to determine the occurrence of an electrolyte imbalance .
On a consumer level, salt substitutes, which usually substitute a portion of sodium chloride content with potassium chloride, can be used to increase the potassium to sodium consumption ratio. This change has been shown to blunt the effects of excess salt intake on hypertension and cardiovascular disease.