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Order theory captures the intuition of orders that arises from such examples in a general setting. This is achieved by specifying properties that a relation ≤ must have to be a mathematical order. This more abstract approach makes much sense, because one can derive numerous theorems in the general setting, without focusing on the details of ...
Order theory is a branch of mathematics that studies various kinds of objects (often binary relations) that capture the intuitive notion of ordering, providing a framework for saying when one thing is "less than" or "precedes" another. An alphabetical list of many notions of order theory can be found in the order theory glossary.
The pecking order theory has been popularized by Myers (1984) [32] when he argued that equity is a less preferred means to raise capital, because when managers (who are assumed to know better about true condition of the firm than investors) issue new equity, investors believe that managers think the firm is overvalued, and managers are taking ...
Complexity theory emphasizes interactions and the accompanying feedback loops that constantly change systems. While it proposes that systems are unpredictable, they are also constrained by order-generating rules. [6]: 74 Complexity theory has been used in the fields of strategic management and organizational studies.
Especially in order theory one finds numerous important variants of distributivity, some of which include infinitary operations, such as the infinite distributive law; others being defined in the presence of only one binary operation, such as the according definitions and their relations are given in the article distributivity (order theory).
Javier Perez-Capdevila - strategic management and business analysis and valuation; Krishna Palepu - business analysis and valuation, financial statements; Scott Patterson; Keith Pavitt - innovation clusters and innovation taxonomy (1970s through 2000) Edith Penrose - The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (1959) Juan Antonio Pérez López ...
The pecking order theory may explain the inverse relationship between profitability and debt ratios; [4] and, in that dividends are a use of capital, the theory also links to the firm's dividend policy. [5] In general, internally generated cash flow may exceed required capital expenditures, and at other times will fall short. Thus when ...
Examples such as critical mass, herd behaviour, groupthink and others, abound in sociology, economics, behavioral finance and anthropology. [67] Spontaneous order can be influenced by arousal. [68] In social theory, the concept of self-referentiality has been introduced as a sociological application of self-organization theory by Niklas Luhmann ...