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The Equal Protection Clause is part of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides "nor shall any State ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." It mandates that individuals in similar situations be treated equally by ...
The Equal Protection Clause requires each state to provide equal protection under the law to all people, including non-citizens, within its jurisdiction. This clause has been the basis for many decisions rejecting discrimination against people belonging to various groups. The second, third, and fourth sections of the amendment are seldom litigated.
Equal Protection Clause Case name Year Citation Decision Ward v. Flood: 1874 48 Cal. 36 upheld separate but equal schools in San Francisco Plessy v. Ferguson: 1896 163 U.S. 537 separate but equal for public facilities Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education: 1899 175 U.S. 528 de jure segregation of races Lum v. Rice: 1927 275 U.S. 78
Despite the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment, advocates argue the constitution does not grant equal rights in a uniform and inclusive way as the ERA would.
The word "laws" is used by the Constitution with two different meanings, but "equal protection" is only meaningful when applied to one of those meanings.
The United States Constitution and its amendments comprise hundreds of clauses which outline the functioning of the United States Federal Government, the political relationship between the states and the national government, and affect how the United States federal court system interprets the law. When a particular clause becomes an important ...
The ruling by state Supreme Court Justice Maria Vazquez-Doles in Orange County declares that New York’s Voting Rights Act of 2022 violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment ...
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), was a landmark civil rights decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.