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In a reference amount of 100 grams (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 ounces), raw green peas supply 339 kilojoules (81 kilocalories) of food energy, and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin C (48% DV), vitamin K, thiamine, and manganese, with several B vitamins and dietary minerals in moderate amounts (11–16% DV).
The peas are dried and the dull-coloured outer skin of the pea removed, then split in half by hand or by machine at the natural split in the seed's cotyledon. There are green and yellow varieties of split pea. Gregor Mendel studied the inheritance of seed colour in peas; the green phenotype is recessive to the yellow one
Black-eyed peas, a common name for a cowpea cultivar, are named due to the presence of a distinctive black spot on their hilum. Vigna unguiculata is a member of the Vigna (peas and beans) genus. Unguiculata is Latin for "with a small claw", which reflects the small stalks on the flower petals. [ 7 ]
Canned marrowfat or "processed" peas are reconstituted from dried peas. These are soaked in cold water for 12 to 16 hours, sometimes with sodium bicarbonate added to aid softening. The peas are then blanched for 5 minutes and then canned in a brine containing sugar, salt and food colouring , before the cans are heat processed at 115 °C (239 °F).
A popular variation [3] [4] of the black-eyed pea is the purple hull pea or mud-in-your-eye pea; it is usually green with a prominent purple or pink spot. The currently accepted botanical name for the black-eyed pea is Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata , [ 5 ] although previously it was classified in the genus Phaseolus .
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, [2] [3] cultivated for its edible seeds. Its different types are variously known as gram [ 4 ] [ 5 ] or Bengal gram ; [ 5 ] chhola , chhana , chana , or channa ; garbanzo [ 5 ] or garbanzo bean ; or Egyptian pea . [ 4 ]
The pigeon pea [1] (Cajanus cajan) or toor dal is a perennial legume from the family Fabaceae native to the Eastern Hemisphere. [2] The pigeon pea is widely cultivated in tropical and semitropical regions around the world, being commonly consumed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
Dry pea seeds have been discovered in a Swiss village that are believed to date back to the Stone Age. Archaeological evidence suggests that these peas must have been grown in the eastern Mediterranean and Mesopotamian regions at least 5,000 years ago and in Britain as early as the 11th century. [ 38 ]