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Refrigerant. A refrigerant is a working fluid used in the refrigeration cycle of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where in most cases they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again. Refrigerants are heavily regulated because of their toxicity and flammability and the contribution of CFC and HCFC ...
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [ 1]
Thermodynamics. The Brayton cycle, also known as the Joule cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of certain heat engines that have air or some other gas as their working fluid . It is characterized by isentropic compression and expansion, and isobaric heat addition and rejection, though practical engines have adiabatic ...
Variable refrigerant flow ( VRF ), also known as variable refrigerant volume ( VRV ), is an HVAC technology invented by Daikin Industries, Ltd. in 1982. [ 1] Similar to ductless mini-split systems, VRFs use refrigerant as the primary cooling and heating medium, and are usually less complex than conventional chiller -based systems.
e. A heat pump is a device that consumes work (or electricity) to transfer heat from a cold heat sink to a hot heat sink. Specifically, the heat pump transfers thermal energy using a refrigeration cycle, cooling the cool space and warming the warm space. [ 1] In cold weather, a heat pump can move heat from the cool outdoors to warm a house (e.g ...
Refrigeration. Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature). [ 1][ 2] Refrigeration is an artificial, or human-made, cooling method. [ 1][ 2] Refrigeration refers to the process ...
Vapor-compression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Figure 1 depicts a typical, single-stage vapor-compression system. All such systems have four components: a compressor, a condenser, a metering device or thermal expansion ...
Working fluid selection. Heat engines, refrigeration cycles and heat pumps usually involve a fluid to and from which heat is transferred while undergoing a thermodynamic cycle. This fluid is called the working fluid. [1] Refrigeration and heat pump technologies often refer to working fluids as refrigerants. Most thermodynamic cycles make use of ...