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ATC code A10 Drugs used in diabetes is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup A10 is part of the anatomical group A Alimentary tract and ...
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
The comprehensive metabolic panel, or chemical screen (CMP; CPT code 80053), is a panel of 14 blood tests that serves as an initial broad medical screening tool. The CMP provides a rough check of kidney function, liver function, diabetic and parathyroid status, and electrolyte and fluid balance, but this type of screening has its limitations.
Aldosterone stimulates Na + and water reabsorption from the gut, salivary and sweat glands in exchange for K +. Aldosterone stimulates secretion of H + via the H+/ATPase in the intercalated cells of the cortical collecting tubules; Aldosterone upregulates expression of NCC in the distal convoluted tubule chronically and its activity acutely. [18]
This enzyme, 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (Protein:HSD11B2), catalyzes the deactivation of glucocorticoids to 11-dehydro metabolites. Licorice is known to be an inhibitor of this enzyme and chronic consumption can result in a condition known as pseudohyperaldosteronism .
Aldosterone synthase is a protein which is only expressed in the zona glomerulosa [5] of the adrenal cortex and is primarily regulated by the renin–angiotensin system. [6] It is the sole enzyme capable of synthesizing aldosterone in humans and plays an important role in electrolyte balance and blood pressure. [7]
The type 2 isozyme converts active glucocorticoid hormones to inactive metabolites in target tissues such as kidney, salivary glands, intestines, etc. [12] The activation of the two isozymes of HSD-11β in the kidneys and liver triggers the extra-adrenal formation in alloxan diabetes, which affiliates with the reduction in the synthesis of ...
Steroid 21-hydroxylase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP21A2 gene.The protein is an enzyme that hydroxylates steroids at the C21 position on the molecule. [10] [11] Naming conventions for enzymes are based on the substrate acted upon and the chemical process performed.