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2. Discectomy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discectomy

   A discectomy (also called open discectomy, if done through a 1/2 inch or larger skin opening) is the surgical removal of abnormal disc material that presses on a nerve root or the spinal cord. The procedure involves removing a portion of an intervertebral disc, which causes pain, weakness or numbness by stressing the spinal cord or radiating ...

3. Total disc replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Disc_Replacement

   The second disc replacement to achieve wide clinical use was the prodisc total disc replacement; it continues to have worldwide use today. Designed by French orthopedic spine surgeon Thiery Marnay, M.D., in the late 1980s, early implantations of the prodisc device began in 1990, with a 7-11 year follow-up published in 2005.

4. Minimally invasive spine surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_spine...

   In other surgeries this is called a trocar; in spine surgery it is called a "tubular retractor." [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The surgeon makes the necessary repairs to the spine, extracting affected disc material out through the tubular retractor and inserting medical devices , such as intervertebral spacers, rods, pedicle screws, facet screws, nucleus ...

5. Degenerative disc disease - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disc_disease

   The intervertebral disc is removed and replaced with a small plug of bone or other graft substitute, along with a height restoration device to un-impinge nerves, and in time, the vertebrae will fuse together. Intervertebral disc arthroplasty: also called Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR), or Total Disc Replacement (TDR), is a type of arthroplasty.

6. Disc herniation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc_herniation

   Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica .

7. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cervical...

   1. a herniated disc when other non-surgical treatments have failed. The nucleus pulposus (the jelly-like center of the disc) of the herniated disc bulges out through the annulus (surrounding wall) and presses on the nerve root next to it. 2. degenerative disc disease (spondylosis). The disc consists of about 80% water.